When it comes to digital street photography, having the right camera is essential. Capturing the essence of a bustling cityscape or the candid moments of everyday life requires a camera that is compact, versatile, and affordable. In this article, I will introduce you to some of the best digital street photography cameras that won’t break the bank.
Fujifilm X100F: Known for its retro design and outstanding image quality, the Fujifilm X100F is a popular choice among street photographers. Its fixed 23mm lens provides a classic focal length for capturing wide-angle scenes, while its advanced sensor and processor ensure sharpness and detail. The X100F’s compact size and manual controls make it a joy to use on the streets, allowing photographers to quickly adjust settings and capture the moment.
Panasonic Lumix GX85: If you’re looking for a more affordable option without compromising on features, the Panasonic Lumix GX85 is worth considering. This mirrorless camera offers 16-megapixel images, 4K video recording, and built-in stabilization, making it a versatile choice for street photography. Its compact size and interchangeable lens system allow photographers to adapt to different shooting situations, whether it’s capturing sweeping cityscapes or close-up portraits.
Nikon D5600: For those who prefer a DSLR camera, the Nikon D5600 is a solid choice for street photography. Its 24-megapixel sensor delivers high-resolution images, while its fast autofocus system ensures crisp and sharp results. The D5600’s articulating touchscreen display makes it easy to compose shots from different angles, and its built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities allow for easy image sharing. With a wide range of compatible lenses available, this camera offers great flexibility for capturing the urban environment.
Sony Alpha a6000: Another popular choice among street photographers is the Sony Alpha a6000. This mirrorless camera combines a compact body with impressive performance. Its 24-megapixel sensor, fast hybrid autofocus system, and 11 frames per second continuous shooting speed make it a capable camera for capturing fast-paced street scenes. The a6000 also offers a wide selection of lenses, allowing photographers to experiment with different focal lengths and perspectives.
When it comes to digital street photography, finding the best camera doesn’t have to mean breaking the bank. The Fujifilm X100F, Panasonic Lumix GX85, Nikon D5600, and Sony Alpha a6000 all offer great image quality, versatility, and affordability. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned street photographer, these cameras are sure to help you capture the vibrant life of the city.
Best Digital Street Photography Camera Affordable: A Guide to Capturing Urban Life
As a street photographer, finding the perfect camera to capture the essence of urban life is essential. However, it can be quite overwhelming to choose from the numerous options available in the market. In this guide, I will introduce you to some of the best affordable digital cameras that are perfect for street photography.
Fujifilm X-T30: The Fujifilm X-T30 is a compact and lightweight camera that offers exceptional image quality. It features a 26.1-megapixel APS-C sensor, advanced autofocus system, and 4K video recording capabilities. With its retro design and intuitive controls, this camera is perfect for capturing candid moments on the streets.
Panasonic Lumix GX85: The Panasonic Lumix GX85 is another affordable option for street photographers. It boasts a 16-megapixel Micro Four Thirds sensor, 4K video recording, and built-in image stabilization. This camera is compact, making it easy to carry around while exploring the bustling streets. It also has a tilting LCD screen, which is great for taking low-angle shots or shooting discreetly.
- Canon EOS M50: The Canon EOS M50 is a versatile mirrorless camera that offers excellent image quality and performance. It features a 24.1-megapixel APS-C sensor, a vari-angle touchscreen, and a built-in electronic viewfinder. The M50 also has fast autofocus and is capable of shooting 4K videos, making it a great choice for capturing the fast-paced urban environment.
- Sony Alpha a6000: The Sony Alpha a6000 is a popular choice among street photographers due to its compact size and exceptional performance. It has a 24.3-megapixel APS-C sensor, a fast hybrid autofocus system, and high-speed continuous shooting. The a6000 also has an electronic viewfinder and tilting LCD screen, making it easy to compose shots from different angles.
In conclusion, when it comes to affordable digital cameras for street photography, the Fujifilm X-T30, Panasonic Lumix GX85, Canon EOS M50, and Sony Alpha a6000 are all excellent choices. Each camera offers unique features and capabilities, allowing you to capture the vibrancy and energy of urban life with ease.
Why Choose Affordable Digital Cameras for Street Photography?
As a passionate street photographer, I have always been on the lookout for the best equipment to capture the essence of urban life. While there are many high-end cameras available on the market, I have found that affordable digital cameras can be just as capable when it comes to street photography.
One of the main reasons why I choose affordable digital cameras for my street photography is their portability. These cameras are typically smaller and lighter than their more expensive counterparts, making them easier to carry and maneuver in crowded urban environments. Whether I’m walking down a busy street or capturing candid moments in a bustling market, the compact size of affordable digital cameras allows me to blend in with the surroundings and capture authentic moments without drawing too much attention.
Despite their affordability, these cameras often come equipped with advanced features that enhance the quality of my street photography. Many affordable digital cameras now have impressive low-light capabilities, allowing me to capture sharp and detailed images even in challenging lighting conditions. Additionally, these cameras often have fast autofocus systems and burst shooting modes, enabling me to capture fleeting moments and decisive street photography compositions.
Another advantage of using affordable digital cameras for street photography is the versatility they offer. These cameras often have a wide range of interchangeable lenses available, allowing me to experiment with different focal lengths and perspectives. Whether I want to capture sweeping cityscapes or intimate portraits of street vendors, I can easily switch between lenses to achieve the desired effect. This versatility enables me to constantly evolve and refine my street photography style.
In conclusion, I choose affordable digital cameras for street photography because of their portability, advanced features, and versatility. These cameras allow me to capture authentic moments in urban environments while providing me with the flexibility to adapt to different shooting conditions. With the right skill and vision, an affordable camera can deliver stunning results, proving that it’s not always necessary to break the bank for excellent street photography equipment.
Affordable Digital Cameras for Street Photography in 2021
As an avid street photographer, I understand the importance of having a reliable and affordable camera that can capture the essence of a moment in the bustling streets. After extensive research and personal experience, I have curated a list of the top 5 digital cameras that are not only affordable but also perfect for street photography in 2021.
1. Fujifilm X100V
The Fujifilm X100V is a compact and lightweight camera that packs a punch when it comes to image quality. With its 26.1-megapixel sensor and fast autofocus system, it allows you to capture sharp and detailed images even in challenging lighting conditions. Its fixed 23mm lens is ideal for street photography, providing a versatile focal length that is perfect for capturing everyday scenes.
2. Sony Alpha a6000
The Sony Alpha a6000 is a highly popular mirrorless camera that offers excellent image quality at an affordable price point. With its 24.3-megapixel sensor and fast hybrid autofocus system, it allows you to capture stunning street shots with ease. Its compact size and lightweight design make it a perfect companion for street photographers on the go.
3. Olympus OM-D E-M10 Mark III
The Olympus OM-D E-M10 Mark III is a feature-packed mirrorless camera that is perfect for street photography enthusiasts. With its 16.1-megapixel sensor and 5-axis image stabilization, it allows you to capture sharp and blur-free images even in low light situations. Its intuitive controls and compact size make it a great option for beginners and advanced photographers alike.
4. Panasonic Lumix GX85
The Panasonic Lumix GX85 is a versatile mirrorless camera that offers great value for its price. With its 16-megapixel sensor and 5-axis image stabilization, it produces high-quality images with minimal noise. Its small size and lightweight design make it easy to carry around, making it an ideal choice for street photographers who value portability.
5. Canon EOS M50
The Canon EOS M50 is a compact and powerful mirrorless camera that is perfect for street photography. With its 24.1-megapixel sensor and fast autofocus system, it allows you to capture stunning images with ease. Its vari-angle touchscreen and built-in Wi-Fi make it a convenient choice for those who want to share their photos instantly on social media.
In conclusion, these affordable digital cameras offer excellent image quality, fast autofocus systems, and compact designs, making them perfect choices for street photography in 2021. Whether you are a beginner or an advanced photographer, these cameras will help you capture the vibrant energy of the streets without breaking the bank.
Criteria for Choosing the Best Digital Camera for Street Photography
As an avid street photographer, I understand the importance of having the right digital camera to capture those spontaneous moments and vibrant scenes. There are several key criteria to consider when choosing the best camera for street photography:
- Size and Portability: Street photography often involves walking around for hours, so having a compact and lightweight camera is crucial. Look for cameras that are easy to carry and won’t weigh you down.
- Fast Autofocus: The ability to capture the moment quickly is essential in street photography, where subjects and situations change rapidly. Look for cameras with fast and accurate autofocus systems to ensure you don’t miss any important shots.
- Low Light Performance: Street photography often takes place in various lighting conditions, including dimly lit streets or indoor settings. A camera with good low light performance will allow you to capture detailed and sharp images even in challenging lighting situations.
- Wide-Angle Lens: Street photography typically involves capturing the surrounding environment and the interactions between people. A wide-angle lens can help you fit more into the frame and create a sense of depth and context in your photos.
- Full Manual Control: Having full control over the camera settings is essential in street photography, as it allows you to adjust the exposure, aperture, and shutter speed to achieve the desired effects. Look for cameras that offer manual shooting modes and customizable settings.
By considering these criteria, you can find a digital camera that suits your street photography needs and helps you capture those unique and candid moments with ease.
Nikon Coolpix A1000: The Perfect Blend of Affordability and Performance
One of the standout features of the Nikon Coolpix A1000 is its impressive zoom range. With a 35x optical zoom lens, I can easily capture street scenes from afar, as well as close-up details that bring my photos to life. The camera’s image stabilization technology ensures that even at maximum zoom, my shots remain sharp and blur-free, allowing me to capture every detail with precision.
The Nikon Coolpix A1000 also delivers stunning image quality, thanks to its 16-megapixel sensor and EXPEED image-processing engine. Whether I’m shooting in bright daylight or low-light conditions, the camera consistently produces vibrant colors and rich textures. The camera’s ISO range of 100-6400 also allows me to confidently shoot in various lighting situations without worrying about noise compromising the final image.
Another feature that sets the Nikon Coolpix A1000 apart is its intuitive and user-friendly interface. The camera’s tilting touchscreen display makes it easy to compose shots from different angles, while the built-in electronic viewfinder provides a clear and accurate preview of the final image. I can quickly adjust settings such as aperture, shutter speed, and white balance, ensuring that I never miss a shot.
Overall, the Nikon Coolpix A1000 is the perfect blend of affordability and performance for any street photographer. Its impressive zoom range, excellent image quality, and user-friendly interface make it a versatile tool for capturing stunning street scenes. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced photographer, this camera is sure to enhance your photography skills and help you create memorable visuals of the urban landscape.
Why the Nikon Coolpix A1000 is the Perfect Camera for Street Photography
As a passionate street photographer, I know the importance of having a reliable and versatile camera that can capture every moment with precision and clarity. That’s why I have chosen the Nikon Coolpix A1000 as my go-to camera for all my street photography adventures. With its incredible features and benefits, this camera has taken my photography to a whole new level.
1. High-Quality Images
The Nikon Coolpix A1000 boasts a powerful 16-megapixel sensor and a 35x optical zoom lens, allowing me to capture sharp and detailed images even from a distance. The camera’s high-resolution sensor ensures that every photo I take is bursting with vibrant colors and impressive clarity, providing the perfect canvas for my street photography compositions.
2. Flexibility and Versatility
One of the standout features of the Nikon Coolpix A1000 is its exceptional zoom capabilities. The 35x optical zoom lens provides me with the flexibility to capture a wide range of subjects, from sweeping cityscapes to intriguing close-ups of people and objects. This versatility allows me to experiment with different perspectives and compositions, resulting in unique and captivating street photographs.
3. Compact and Lightweight
The Nikon Coolpix A1000 is compact and lightweight, making it easy to carry around during my street photography excursions. Its small size and ergonomic design allow me to quickly navigate through crowded streets and capture spontaneous moments without drawing attention to myself. Its portability also makes it ideal for travel photography, as I can easily pack it in my bag and take it with me wherever I go.
4. Advanced Shooting Modes
This camera offers a variety of advanced shooting modes, including program auto, aperture priority, shutter priority, and manual mode. These modes give me full control over my settings, allowing me to customize the camera to suit my artistic vision. Additionally, the camera’s built-in creative effects and filters provide endless opportunities for creative expression, adding a unique touch to my street photography.
5. Convenient Connectivity Options
The Nikon Coolpix A1000 features built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technology, enabling me to quickly and easily share my photos with friends and followers on social media platforms. The camera also has a built-in GPS, allowing me to geotag my photos and keep track of the specific locations where each image was taken. This combination of connectivity options makes it effortless for me to showcase my street photography work and connect with a wider audience.
In conclusion, the Nikon Coolpix A1000 is the perfect camera for street photography due to its high-quality images, flexibility, compactness, advanced shooting modes, and convenient connectivity options. This camera has truly revolutionized my street photography experience, allowing me to capture the vibrant energy and unique moments of the streets in stunning detail.
Canon PowerShot G9 X Mark II: Compact and Powerful for Street Photography
As a passionate street photographer, I have always been on the lookout for a compact and powerful camera that can capture the essence of the city streets. After trying out various options, I have found the Canon PowerShot G9 X Mark II to be the perfect choice for capturing stunning street photography images.
The Canon PowerShot G9 X Mark II is a compact camera that fits comfortably in my hand, allowing me to move freely and discreetly through the bustling streets. Its sleek design and lightweight body make it easy to carry around all day without feeling cumbersome.
- Powerful Performance: Despite its small size, the G9 X Mark II packs a punch when it comes to performance. With a 20.1-megapixel sensor and Canon’s DIGIC 7 image processor, I can capture sharp and detailed images even in challenging lighting conditions.
- Fast and Accurate Autofocus: The camera’s autofocus system is quick and accurate, allowing me to capture fleeting moments in an instant. Whether it’s a candid street portrait or an action shot, the G9 X Mark II ensures that I never miss a moment.
- Full Manual Control: One of the things I love about the G9 X Mark II is the ability to have full control over my camera settings. It offers manual shooting modes that allow me to adjust the aperture, shutter speed, and ISO to achieve the desired creative effect.
- Wi-Fi and NFC Connectivity: The camera also features built-in Wi-Fi and NFC connectivity, making it easy to transfer images to my smartphone or tablet for instant sharing on social media or editing on the go.
In conclusion, the Canon PowerShot G9 X Mark II is a compact and powerful camera that is ideal for street photography. Its performance, autofocus capabilities, and manual control options make it a versatile tool for capturing the unique moments and characters that define city life.
Advantages of the Canon PowerShot G9 X Mark II
As a street photographer, finding the right camera that balances affordability and functionality is crucial. After extensive research and comparison, I have discovered that the Canon PowerShot G9 X Mark II is an excellent camera for digital street photography. Here are some advantages that make it stand out:
- Compact and Lightweight: One of the biggest advantages of the Canon PowerShot G9 X Mark II is its compact and lightweight design. It is small enough to easily fit into a pocket or a small bag, making it ideal for street photography. Its portability allows me to stay inconspicuous during shooting sessions and capture spontaneous moments without drawing too much attention.
- Superior Image Quality: The camera is equipped with a 20.1-megapixel 1-inch sensor and a DIGIC 7 image processor, which together produce stunning image quality. It delivers sharp, detailed, and vibrant photos even in challenging lighting conditions. This is crucial for capturing the essence of the streets and showcasing the unique atmosphere.
- Fast and Accurate Autofocus: The Canon PowerShot G9 X Mark II features a fast and accurate autofocus system, enabling me to quickly lock onto my subjects and capture candid moments effortlessly. This is especially important in street photography, where moments can be fleeting, and having a responsive autofocus system ensures I don’t miss any crucial shots.
- Intuitive User Interface: The camera’s user-friendly interface makes it easy to navigate its various settings and features. It offers manual shooting modes as well as automatic modes, allowing me to have full control over my images when needed. Additionally, its touch screen interface makes it even more convenient to change settings on the go.
- Wireless Connectivity: With built-in Wi-Fi and NFC capabilities, sharing my images from the camera to my smartphone or tablet is a breeze. This feature enables me to immediately upload and share my work on social media platforms or transfer them to my editing software for further processing.
In conclusion, the Canon PowerShot G9 X Mark II is an outstanding camera for digital street photography. Its compact size, exceptional image quality, fast autofocus, intuitive interface, and wireless connectivity are all advantages that make it a top choice for street photographers looking for an affordable option.
Fujifilm X100F: The Classic Camera for Street Photography on a Budget
When it comes to street photography, having the right camera is essential. As an avid street photographer on a budget, I was thrilled to discover the Fujifilm X100F. This classic camera offers exceptional quality and features at an affordable price.
The Fujifilm X100F combines a retro design with modern technology, making it a standout choice for street photographers. With its compact size and fixed lens, it is incredibly portable and easy to carry around for capturing those fleeting moments on the street. Its 24.3 megapixel sensor delivers stunning image quality, allowing me to capture every detail and emotion of the scene.
The Fujifilm X100F also excels in low light situations, which is crucial for street photography. Its high ISO capabilities allow me to shoot in dimly lit areas without compromising image quality. Additionally, its fast autofocus and quick shutter speed ensure that I never miss a shot, even in fast-paced street environments.
Another standout feature of the Fujifilm X100F is its film simulation modes. These modes replicate the look and feel of classic film types, giving my street photos a unique and timeless aesthetic. Whether I want to capture the gritty black and white tones of film noir or the vibrant colors of Fuji’s renowned film stocks, this camera allows me to achieve the desired look right in-camera.
Overall, the Fujifilm X100F is an excellent choice for street photographers on a budget. Its combination of affordability, quality, and portability make it a standout option in the digital street photography market. With this camera in my hands, I can confidently hit the streets and capture the essence of the city in a way that is both affordable and visually stunning.
Why the Fujifilm X100F is Perfect for Street Photographers
With its compact size, advanced features, and exceptional image quality, the Fujifilm X100F is the perfect camera for street photographers looking for an affordable option. Here are some reasons why this camera is a favorite among street photographers:
1. Compact and Portable: The X100F’s compact size makes it easy to carry around all day without the hassle of lugging around heavy equipment. It fits perfectly in your hand and won’t draw too much attention when shooting in public.
2. High-Quality Images: The X100F features a 24.3MP APS-C X-Trans CMOS III sensor, which delivers stunning image quality with rich colors and impressive detail. The camera’s fast hybrid autofocus system ensures that you can capture every moment with precision.
3. Silent Shutter: When shooting street photography, it’s important to remain discreet to capture authentic moments. The X100F’s electronic shutter allows you to shoot silently, ensuring that your presence doesn’t disturb the scene and preserving the natural atmosphere.
4. Classic Design: The X100F’s retro design harkens back to the film cameras of the past, giving it a charming and nostalgic appeal. It’s the perfect blend of old-school aesthetics and modern technology.
5. Advanced Controls: The X100F offers a wide range of advanced controls, including manual focus, exposure compensation, and customizable buttons, allowing you to tailor the camera to your shooting preferences. Its intuitive interface makes it easy to adjust settings on the fly.
6. Film Simulation Modes: Fujifilm is renowned for its film simulation modes, and the X100F is no exception. It offers a range of film simulations, including Classic Chrome and Acros, which replicate the look and feel of traditional film stocks. This adds a unique and artistic touch to your street photography.
7. Affordable Price: Despite its advanced features and exceptional image quality, the X100F comes at a relatively affordable price compared to other high-end cameras. It offers great value for money, making it a top choice for street photographers on a budget.
Overall, the Fujifilm X100F is a formidable camera for street photographers. Its compact size, high-quality images, silent shutter, classic design, advanced controls, film simulation modes, and affordable price make it a compelling choice for anyone looking to capture the essence of the streets.
Best digital street photography camera affordable
Price history for Ricoh GR III Street Edition Metallic Gray APS-C Size Digital Camera (2 batteries included) with Large CMOS Sensor GR Lens that Achieves High Resolution and High Constrast | |
---|---|
Latest updates:
|
|
Didn't find the right price? Set price alert below
Didn't find the right price? Set price alert below
Features
Part Number | DMC-GX85W |
Model | DMC-GX85W |
Warranty | 1 |
Color | Black |
Release Date | 2019-09-08T00:00:01Z |
Price history for Panasonic LUMIX GX85 4K Digital Camera, 12-32mm and 45-150mm Lens Bundle, 16 Megapixel Mirrorless Camera Kit, 5 Axis In-Body Dual Image Stabilization, 3-Inch Tilt and Touch LCD, DMC-GX85WK (Black) | |
---|---|
Latest updates:
|
|
Didn't find the right price? Set price alert below
Features
- 【Vlogging Camera with 4K 48MP】
- 【16X Digital Zoom & 3.0" IPS LCD Screen】
- 【Multi-Functional Digital Camera】
Price history for G-Anica 4K Digital Cameras for Photography,48MP/60FPS Video Camera for Vlogging, WiFi & App Control Vlogging Camera for YouTube, Small Camera with 32GB TF Card.Wide-Angle & Macro Lens | |
---|---|
Latest updates:
|
|
Didn't find the right price? Set price alert below
Didn't find the right price? Set price alert below
Price history for 5K Digital Camera for Photography Autofocus 48MP Vlogging Camera for YouTube 16X Digital Zoom Point and Shoot Cameras with SD Card, 2 Batteries, Viewfinder & Mode Dial | |
---|---|
Latest updates:
|
|
Didn't find the right price? Set price alert below
Features
Part Number | ILCE6400L/B |
Model | ILCE6400L/B |
Warranty | 1 year manufacturer |
Color | Black |
Release Date | 2019-02-28T00:00:01Z |
Size | 6.2 x 9.2 x 4.55 inches |
Price history for Sony Alpha a6400 Mirrorless Camera: Compact APS-C Interchangeable Lens Digital Camera with Real-Time Eye Auto Focus, 4K Video, Flip Screen & 16-50mm Lens - E Mount Compatible - ILCE-6400L/B, Black | |
---|---|
Latest updates:
|
|
Didn't find the right price? Set price alert below
Features
Part Number | MB MS2-BP |
Model | MB MS2-BP |
Color | Green |
Size | Medium |
Price history for Manfrotto Street Slim Photography Backpack for Mirrorless and Reflex Camera, Front and Rear Access, Removable Camera and Laptop Inserts, Compact Backpack for Photography Accessories, Colour Green | |
---|---|
Latest updates:
|
|
Didn't find the right price? Set price alert below
Features
Part Number | CN-4000D-1855FLK-81423-cr |
Warranty | 90 days limited warranty |
Price history for Canon EOS 4000D / Rebel T100 DSLR Camera w/EF-S 18-55mm F/3.5-5.6 Zoom Lens + 64GB Memory, Filters,Case, Tripod, Flash, and More (34pc Bundle) (Renewed) | |
---|---|
Latest updates:
|
|
Didn't find the right price? Set price alert below
Features
Part Number | 1 |
Model | DC202 |
Warranty | Be assured that SIXTARY customer support team ([email protected]) endeavors to assist our valued customers with any issue you have encountered and provides 18-month replacement and lifetime warranty. |
Color | Silver Black |
Size | Compact |
Price history for Upgraded 4K Digital Camera with Leather Case, 48MP Vlogging Cameras for Photography and Video with Viewfinder, Point and Shoot Camera for YouTube with 32G Card & 2 Batteries | |
---|---|
Latest updates:
|
|
Didn't find the right price? Set price alert below
Question and answers:
Which digital camera is best for street photography?
There are several digital cameras that are considered great options for street photography. Some popular choices include the Fujifilm X100F, the Sony RX100 VII, and the Leica Q2. These cameras offer high image quality, compact size, and versatile features that make them suitable for capturing street scenes.
What is an affordable digital camera for street photography?
If you’re looking for an affordable digital camera for street photography, the Sony A6000 is a highly recommended option. It offers excellent image quality, a compact size, and a range of features at a relatively affordable price point. Other budget-friendly options include the Panasonic Lumix DMC-LX10 and the Canon PowerShot G7 X Mark II.
What features should I look for in a digital camera for street photography?
When choosing a digital camera for street photography, there are several important features to consider. Look for a camera with a fast and accurate autofocus system, a compact and portable design, good low light performance, and manual control options. Having a camera with a wide-angle lens and the ability to shoot in RAW format can also be beneficial for street photography.
Is a full-frame camera necessary for street photography?
No, a full-frame camera is not necessary for street photography. While full-frame cameras offer advantages such as better low light performance and dynamic range, there are many excellent options available with smaller sensor sizes that can produce high-quality street photography images. The choice between full-frame and smaller sensor cameras ultimately depends on your personal preferences and shooting style.
Can I use a smartphone for street photography?
Yes, you can definitely use a smartphone for street photography. In recent years, smartphone cameras have improved significantly, offering high-resolution image sensors, advanced autofocus, and various creative shooting modes. While they may not match the image quality of dedicated digital cameras, smartphones are convenient, portable, and often have built-in editing and sharing capabilities, making them a popular choice for street photographers.